Lang E, Lang B M
Carl-Korth-Institut, Erlangen.
Z Gerontol. 1993 Nov-Dec;26(6):429-35.
The physiologic changes of the different organs in the elderly result in a diminishing efficiency of the organism and its capability of adapting to new and unusual conditions. Accordingly, physical exercise has to be seen and assessed as prevention of illness in old age. In terms of prevention exercise training is taking the first place within the five different types of physical activities. The other types (coordination, flexibility, strength, rapidity) have to be handled with special conditions, whose importance must be assessed individually. The importance of exercise, physical activities, and sports is increasing especially in preventing coronary artery disease. Metabolic diseases, hypertension, impairment of cerebral functions and also diseases of the musculoskeletal system are improving under suitable physical training. General training exercise training slows down the loss of cardiopulmonal efficiency due to progredient aging. Risks and benefits of physical training have to be deliberated very carefully in considering the state of health of the elderly.
老年人不同器官的生理变化导致机体效率降低及其适应新的和异常情况的能力下降。因此，体育锻炼必须被视为预防老年疾病的手段并加以评估。就预防而言，运动训练在五种不同类型的体育活动中占据首位。其他类型（协调性、柔韧性、力量、速度）必须在特殊条件下进行，其重要性必须个别评估。运动、体育活动和体育运动的重要性尤其在预防冠状动脉疾病方面日益增加。在适当的体育训练下，代谢性疾病、高血压、脑功能损害以及肌肉骨骼系统疾病都有所改善。一般训练运动训练减缓了因渐进性衰老导致的心肺功能下降。在考虑老年人的健康状况时，必须非常仔细地权衡体育训练的风险和益处。
