Werner G H
Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 1993 Oct;177(7):1263-72; discussion 1272-3.
In man, humoral immunity against influenza viruses (induced by presently available vaccines) is exerted by local and circulating antibodies against two surface antigens of the virions: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Within each major antigenic type of influenza virus (A, B and C) these antibodies are strictly specific of the HA and NA characterizing variable sub-types, which appear in the course of time from an epidemic to the next one. There exists however a cell-mediated facet of immunity: study of the experimental infection of laboratory mice with mouse-adapted viruses has shown that this cellular immunity is type-specific and therefore covers all the sub-types of a given type of virus. This heterologous immunity is primarily mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) which recognize an internal nucleoprotein (NP) common to all the sub-types. These CTL are able to lyse influenza virus-infected cells and contribute to local production of interferon in the course of infection. Such mechanisms likely play a major role in the natural resistance of the host to this infection. Thanks to the molecular characterization of the NP protein, it is now possible to conceive the design of vaccines endowed with a wider spectrum than those presently used; in association with the latter, it should become possible in the future to stimulate efficiently both facets of anti-influenza immunity.
在人类中，针对流感病毒的体液免疫（由目前可用的疫苗诱导）是由针对病毒粒子两种表面抗原的局部和循环抗体发挥作用的：血凝素（HA）和神经氨酸酶（NA）。在每种主要抗原类型的流感病毒（A、B和C型）中，这些抗体对表征可变亚型的HA和NA具有严格的特异性，这些亚型会随着时间的推移在一次流行到下一次流行的过程中出现。然而，免疫还存在细胞介导的方面：对实验室小鼠用适应小鼠的病毒进行实验性感染的研究表明，这种细胞免疫是型特异性的，因此涵盖了给定类型病毒的所有亚型。这种异源免疫主要由细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）介导，CTL识别所有亚型共有的一种内部核蛋白（NP）。这些CTL能够裂解流感病毒感染的细胞，并在感染过程中促进干扰素的局部产生。这种机制可能在宿主对这种感染的天然抵抗力中起主要作用。由于NP蛋白的分子特征，现在有可能设想设计出比目前使用的疫苗具有更广泛谱的疫苗；与后者联合使用，未来应该有可能有效刺激抗流感免疫的两个方面。
