Kipfer E, Steffen R
Institut für Sozial -und Präventivmedizin, Universität Zürich.
Ther Umsch. 1994 Mar;51(3):160-5.
Travellers' diarrhea is the most frequently occurring health problem in travellers to tropical and subtropical regions. The main risk factors for this condition are substandard hygiene, contaminated food and drink. Usually the illness begins during the first week of travel and lasts on average four days with mild symptomatology. The causative agent is usually bacterial (40% enterotoxic E. coli), and strict observance of hygiene rules and careful selection of food and drink is an effective strategy to avoid travellers' diarrhea. Prophylactic use of antibiotics is rarely indicated, but self-therapy is of central importance. Adequate oral rehydration is essential, and in uncomplicated cases, antimotility drugs can provide adults with rapid symptomatic relief. Additional antibiotic treatment can be recommended.
旅行者腹泻是前往热带和亚热带地区的旅行者中最常见的健康问题。这种情况的主要危险因素是卫生条件不合格、食物和饮料受污染。通常，疾病在旅行的第一周开始，平均持续四天，症状较轻。病原体通常是细菌（40%为肠毒素性大肠杆菌），严格遵守卫生规则以及仔细挑选食物和饮料是避免旅行者腹泻的有效策略。很少需要预防性使用抗生素，但自我治疗至关重要。充分的口服补液必不可少，在无并发症的情况下，止泻药可为成年人迅速缓解症状。可建议进行额外的抗生素治疗。
