Stich A, Fleischer K
Tropenmedizinische Abteilung, Missionsärztlichen Klinik Würzburg.
MMW Fortschr Med. 2001 Jul 19;143(28-29):24-8.
Traveller's diarrhea is almost always due to an infection with intestinal bacteria, viruses or parasites. The leading agents are the ubiquitous enterotoxic E. coli bacteria. Prophylaxis is achieved primarily by the strict avoidance of fecally contaminated food and drink--advice which, however, is often ignored. Chemoprophylactic measures include the use of probiotics, in particular Saccharomyces boulardii, with antibiotics being given only in special cases. Treatment consists mainly in the replacement of lost fluids and electrolytes in the form of oral rehydration solutions. Second-line treatment includes probiotics and antimotility agents such as loperamide. Antibiotics (quinolones) should be reserved for severe febrile forms of the condition.
旅行者腹泻几乎总是由肠道细菌、病毒或寄生虫感染引起的。主要病原体是无处不在的产肠毒素大肠杆菌。预防主要通过严格避免食用和饮用受粪便污染的食物和水来实现——然而，这一建议常常被忽视。化学预防措施包括使用益生菌，尤其是布拉酵母菌，仅在特殊情况下使用抗生素。治疗主要是通过口服补液溶液补充流失的液体和电解质。二线治疗包括益生菌和止泻剂，如洛哌丁胺。抗生素（喹诺酮类）应仅用于病情严重且发热的情况。
