Winkleby M A, Boyce W T
Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto CA 94304-1885.
J Community Health. 1994 Feb;19(1):7-23. doi: 10.1007/BF02260518.
Using data from two cross-sectional surveys, we examine how homeless adults living with children differ in sociodemographic characteristics, adverse childhood experiences, and addictive and psychiatric disorders from homeless adults who are not living with children. The surveys were conducted in late 1989 and early 1990 in Santa Clara County, California. Women (n = 100) and men (n = 41) with children were sampled from the two largest family shelters in the County (94% response rate); women (n = 169) and men (n = 1268) without children were sampled from the three main adult shelters in the County (98% response rate). Adults with children (especially women) were significantly younger, less educated, less likely to have experienced full-time employment, and more likely to have been supported by public assistance before first becoming homeless than adults without children. In addition, adults with children became homeless at younger ages, had been homeless for less time, and were less likely to experience multiple episodes of homelessness. Further differences were found for addictive and psychiatric disorders--adults with children were significantly less likely to enter homelessness with histories of excessive alcohol intake (both men and women) and psychiatric hospitalizations (women only) than adults without children. The distinct risk factor profile of homeless adults living with children renders them a critically important demographic group on which to focus new public health programs and social strategies.
利用两项横断面调查的数据，我们研究了携带子女的无家可归成年人在社会人口学特征、童年不良经历、成瘾和精神疾病方面与不携带子女的无家可归成年人有何不同。这些调查于1989年末和1990年初在加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉县进行。从该县两个最大的家庭庇护所抽取了携带子女的女性（n = 100）和男性（n = 41）（回应率为94%）；从该县三个主要的成人庇护所抽取了不携带子女的女性（n = 169）和男性（n = 1268）（回应率为98%）。与不携带子女的成年人相比，携带子女的成年人（尤其是女性）明显更年轻、受教育程度更低、全职工作经历的可能性更小，并且在首次无家可归之前更有可能得到公共援助的支持。此外，携带子女的成年人无家可归时年龄更小，无家可归的时间更短，经历多次无家可归的可能性更小。在成瘾和精神疾病方面发现了进一步的差异——与不携带子女的成年人相比，携带子女的成年人在因过量饮酒史（男性和女性）和精神病住院史（仅女性）而无家可归的可能性显著更低。携带子女的无家可归成年人独特的风险因素特征使他们成为一个极其重要的人口群体，值得在其上重点开展新的公共卫生项目和社会策略。
