Kohn B
United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Rev Sci Tech. 1994 Mar;13(1):233-45. doi: 10.20506/rst.13.1.764.
The history of zoo animal welfare legislation extends back to 1876, and is often tied to general animal welfare regulations. As knowledge and societal values have changed, so have the focus of zoos and the regulations governing them. Today, the issues involved in zoo animal welfare are complex and broad-based. Building on the basic welfare tenets of adequate feed, water, shelter, sanitation and veterinary care, current issues include the following: handling and training of captive animals, psychological well-being and environmental enrichment, enclosure design, species preservation, environmental and conservation issues, captive-breeding programmes. Complicating the matter further, government regulations try to assimilate all aspects of zoo animal welfare into the laws to provide humane care and handling for all species concerned. Zoo animal welfare will remain a challenging area, as increasing demands are placed on zoos and regulatory agencies to manage this diminishing resource.
动物园动物福利立法的历史可以追溯到1876年，并且常常与一般动物福利法规相关联。随着知识和社会价值观的变化，动物园的重点以及管理它们的法规也发生了变化。如今，动物园动物福利所涉及的问题复杂且具有广泛的基础。在充足的食物、水、庇护所、卫生条件和兽医护理等基本福利原则的基础上，当前的问题包括以下方面：圈养动物的处理与训练、心理健康和环境丰富化、圈舍设计、物种保护、环境与保护问题、圈养繁殖计划。更复杂的是，政府法规试图将动物园动物福利的各个方面纳入法律，以便为所有相关物种提供人道的照料和处理。动物园动物福利仍将是一个具有挑战性的领域，因为对动物园和监管机构管理这一日益减少的资源的要求越来越高。
