Collard M
Service de neurologie, neuropsychologie et explorations fonctionnelles des épilepsies, hôpitaux universitaires, Strasbourg.
Rev Prat. 1994 Feb 1;44(3):295-8.
The two vestibular receptors, right and left, hidden in the petrous part of the temporal bone with the cochlear receptors, receive information from angular and linear movements of the head and transform them into a nerve message sent to the nuclei of the brainstem, which are connected directly on the one hand to the oculomotor nuclei, at the origin of the oculovestibular reflex (induction of nystagmus), and on the other hand, to the spinal motor neurons, at the origin of the vestibulospinal reflex. These reflexes are associated with responses to visual and somaesthetic information for maintenance or return to the standing position, which characterises the function of equilibrium. Vertigo and disorders of balance reflect a conflict of information between these two labyrinths, or between the vestibular apparatus and the messages issued by other captors, and sometimes also dysfunction of central nervous system treatment of information or a lesion of the effector motor systems.
左右两个前庭感受器与耳蜗感受器一起藏于颞骨的岩部，接收头部角向和直线运动的信息，并将其转化为神经信号发送至脑干核团。这些核团一方面直接连接到动眼神经核，参与眼前庭反射（诱发眼球震颤）；另一方面连接到脊髓运动神经元，参与前庭脊髓反射。这些反射与视觉和躯体感觉信息的反应相关，以维持或恢复站立姿势，这是平衡功能的特征。眩晕和平衡障碍反映了这两个迷路之间、前庭器官与其他感受器发出的信息之间的信息冲突，有时也反映了中枢神经系统处理信息的功能障碍或效应运动系统的损伤。
