Badhwar G D, Cucinotta F A, O'Neill P M
NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058.
Radiat Res. 1994 May;138(2):201-8.
The radiation dose received by crew members in interplanetary space is influenced by the stage of the solar cycle. Using the recently developed models of the galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) environment and the energy-dependent radiation transport code, we have calculated the dose at 0 and 5 cm water depth; using a computerized anatomical man (CAM) model, we have calculated the skin, eye and blood-forming organ (BFO) doses as a function of aluminum shielding for various solar minima and maxima between 1954 and 1989. These results show that the equivalent dose is within about 15% of the mean for the various solar minima (maxima). The maximum variation between solar minimum and maximum equivalent dose is about a factor of three. We have extended these calculations for the 1976-1977 solar minimum to five practical shielding geometries: Apollo Command Module, the least and most heavily shielded locations in the U.S. space shuttle mid-deck, center of the proposed Space Station Freedom cluster and sleeping compartment of the Skylab. These calculations, using the quality factor of ICRP 60, show that the average CAM BFO equivalent dose is 0.46 Sv/year. Based on an approach that takes fragmentation into account, we estimate a calculation uncertainty of 15% if the uncertainty in the quality factor is neglected.
行星际空间中机组人员所接受的辐射剂量受太阳活动周期阶段的影响。利用最近开发的银河宇宙辐射（GCR）环境模型和能量依赖型辐射传输代码，我们计算了0和5厘米水深处的剂量；使用计算机化人体模型（CAM），我们计算了1954年至1989年间不同太阳活动极小期和极大期时，皮肤、眼睛和造血器官（BFO）剂量随铝屏蔽的变化情况。这些结果表明，等效剂量在不同太阳活动极小期（极大期）的平均值的约15%范围内。太阳活动极小期和极大期等效剂量之间的最大变化约为三倍。我们将这些针对1976 - 1977年太阳活动极小期的计算扩展到了五种实际屏蔽几何结构：阿波罗指挥舱、美国航天飞机中层甲板屏蔽最少和最多的位置、拟建的自由号空间站集群中心以及天空实验室的睡眠舱。使用国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）60号出版物的品质因数进行的这些计算表明，CAM平均BFO等效剂量为每年0.46 Sv。基于一种考虑碎片化的方法，如果忽略品质因数的不确定性，我们估计计算不确定性为15%。
