Thrombolysis versus thrombectomy for occluded hemodyalisis grafts.

Graft thrombosis is the most frequent complication of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for hemodialysis. Many of these patients arrive at the dialysis unit with fluid and metabolic abnormalities that require prompt dialysis. Rapid declotting of the graft is important to avoid having to create temporary access. Thrombolysis with urokinase has been evaluated by recent retrospective studies and found to be successful in 60% to 90% of cases. Our prospective, randomized trial was initiated to compare thrombolysis with standard surgical thrombectomy; and to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, efficiency, and durability of these modalities. In this study, 15 patients underwent thrombolysis and 16 had thrombectomy. The success rate was 67% for the thrombolysis group compared with 94% for the surgical group. Patency rates were similar for both modalities, but the complication rates were higher and the time to completion longer with thrombolysis. Although both treatments can be used successfully, surgical thrombectomy remains the optimal choice for treating occluded dialysis grafts.