Reed T
Murdoch University, Western Australia.
J Autism Dev Disord. 1994 Feb;24(1):53-66. doi: 10.1007/BF02172212.
One explanation for the persistent social disabilities of individuals with autism is based on the nature of social stimuli, being transient, complex and very difficult to predict. It was suggested that autistic people's performance on cognitive perspective-taking tasks (a measure of understanding of other people) would be enhanced with increased predictability and reduced transience of stimulus materials. Thus autistic and control subjects were tested on Baron-Cohen, Leslie, and Frith's (1985) "Sally/Anne" task and on two other perspective-taking tasks that involved more predictable interactions and nontransient cues. Autistic subjects differed significantly from the control subjects in their ability to perform Baron-Cohen's task but not the other tasks. As well the autistic subjects performed significantly differently on the two types of tasks. Failure of the autistic subjects on the Sally/Anne task with their concurrent success on the other tasks can best be attributed to the nontransient nature of the stimuli used and the predictability of the protagonists' reactions in the two tasks on which they succeeded.
对自闭症患者持续存在社交障碍的一种解释基于社交刺激的性质，即社交刺激具有短暂性、复杂性且极难预测。有人提出，随着刺激材料可预测性的提高和短暂性的降低，自闭症患者在认知视角采择任务（一种对他人理解的衡量方式）上的表现会得到改善。因此，对自闭症受试者和对照组受试者进行了测试，内容包括巴伦 - 科恩、莱斯利和弗里思（1985年）的“萨利/安妮”任务，以及另外两项涉及更具可预测性互动和非短暂性线索的视角采择任务。自闭症受试者在执行巴伦 - 科恩任务的能力上与对照组受试者有显著差异，但在其他任务上没有。此外，自闭症受试者在这两类任务上的表现也有显著差异。自闭症受试者在“萨利/安妮”任务中失败，而在其他任务中同时取得成功，这最能归因于他们在成功完成的两项任务中所使用刺激的非短暂性性质以及主角反应的可预测性。
