Simon B, Hamilton D L
Psychologisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994 Apr;66(4):699-711. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.66.4.699.
In 2 laboratory experiments, the tendency to stereotype oneself in terms of one's group membership as a function of the social context was examined. Experiment 1 examined the effects of relative in-group size on self-stereotyping. The results confirmed the prediction that minority members are more likely than majority members to stereotype themselves. Experiment 2 examined the interactive impact of relative in-group size and in-group status. As predicted, a high (relative to a low) status of the in-group increased self-stereotyping primarily for minority members, but not for majority members. Moreover, analyses of the differences in perceived in-group and out-group homogeneity suggest that the in-group homogeneity effect should also be interpreted in terms of self-stereotyping processes. Finally, the interplay between cognitive and motivational determinants of self-stereotyping is discussed as well as a possible distinction between self-stereotyping effects on individual level versus group level self-representations.
在两项实验室实验中，研究了作为社会环境函数的个体依据其群体成员身份对自身形成刻板印象的倾向。实验1考察了相对内群体规模对自我刻板印象的影响。结果证实了以下预测：少数群体成员比多数群体成员更有可能对自己形成刻板印象。实验2考察了相对内群体规模和内群体地位的交互影响。正如所预测的，内群体的高（相对于低）地位主要增加了少数群体成员的自我刻板印象，而多数群体成员则不然。此外，对感知到的内群体和外群体同质性差异的分析表明，内群体同质性效应也应从自我刻板印象过程的角度来解释。最后，讨论了自我刻板印象的认知和动机决定因素之间的相互作用，以及自我刻板印象对个体层面与群体层面自我表征的影响之间可能存在的区别。
