Ruan J S, Khalil T, King A I
Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202.
J Biomech Eng. 1994 Feb;116(1):44-50. doi: 10.1115/1.2895703.
The impact response of the human head has been determined by three-dimensional finite element modeling. This model represents the essential features of a 50th percentile human head. It includes a layered shell closely representing the cranial bones with the interior contents occupied by an inviscid continuum to simulate the brain. A thin fluid layer was included to represent the cerebral-spinal fluid. To validate the model, its response was obtained by applying a sine-squared pulse of 6.8 kN in magnitude and 10 ms in duration. The load was applied to a freely supported head on the frontal bone in the midsagittal plane. The computed pressure-time histories at 5 locations within the brain material compared quite favorably with previously published experimental data from cadaver experiments and provided a reasonable level of confidence in the validation of the model. A parametric study was subsequently conducted to identify the model response when the impact site (frontal, side, occipital) and the material properties of the head were varied. Interestingly, the model predicted higher contre-coup pressure in the frontal lobe (from occipital impact) than that predicted in the occipital region from frontal impact. This finding supports clinical findings of contre-coup injury being more likely to result from occipital impact than from frontal impact.
人体头部的撞击响应已通过三维有限元建模确定。该模型代表了第50百分位人体头部的基本特征。它包括一个紧密代表颅骨的分层壳，其内部由无粘性连续体占据以模拟大脑。包含一个薄流体层来代表脑脊液。为了验证该模型，通过施加幅度为6.8 kN、持续时间为10 ms的正弦平方脉冲来获得其响应。载荷施加于矢状面中额骨上自由支撑的头部。大脑材料内5个位置处计算得到的压力-时间历程与先前发表的尸体实验的实验数据相当吻合，并为模型验证提供了合理程度的信心。随后进行了参数研究，以确定当撞击部位（额部、侧面、枕部）和头部材料特性变化时模型的响应。有趣的是，该模型预测（枕部撞击时）额叶的对冲压力高于（额部撞击时）枕部区域预测的对冲压力。这一发现支持了临床发现，即对冲伤更有可能由枕部撞击而非额部撞击导致。
