Rabushka L S, Kawashima A, Fishman E K
Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Radiographics. 1994 Mar;14(2):307-32. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.14.2.8190956.
Splenic lesions tend to be small or infiltrating and vary in size and configuration, making detection difficult, particularly without use of an organ-specific contrast agent. The authors present a series of selected cases to show the value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in depiction of splenic disease. Six major categories are presented: (a) inflammatory disease, (b) splenic cysts, (c) infarction, (d) nonneoplastic and noninfectious diffuse splenic disease, (e) benign tumors, and (f) malignant tumors. CT attenuation of splenic tissue is homogeneous, typically measuring 40-60 HU on non-contrast material-enhanced scans. Splenic attenuation is normally 5-10 HU less than that of liver, a standard of reference used in evaluation of either hepatic or splenic disease. On T1-weighted MR images, the normal signal intensity of the spleen is less than that of hepatic tissue and slightly greater than that of muscle. On T2-weighted images, the spleen shows higher signal intensity, appearing brighter than the liver. CT is currently the choice for evaluation of the spleen; however, MR imaging may be increasingly used as newer pulse sequences and organ-specific contrast agents are developed.
脾脏病变往往较小或呈浸润性，大小和形态各异，这使得检测变得困难，尤其是在未使用器官特异性造影剂的情况下。作者展示了一系列精选病例，以说明计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振（MR）成像在脾脏疾病诊断中的价值。介绍了六大类：（a）炎症性疾病，（b）脾囊肿，（c）梗死，（d）非肿瘤性和非感染性弥漫性脾脏疾病，（e）良性肿瘤，以及（f）恶性肿瘤。脾脏组织的CT衰减是均匀的，在未增强扫描时通常测量值为40 - 60 HU。脾脏的衰减通常比肝脏低5 - 10 HU，这是评估肝脏或脾脏疾病时使用的参考标准。在T1加权MR图像上，脾脏的正常信号强度低于肝脏组织且略高于肌肉。在T2加权图像上，脾脏显示出更高的信号强度，比肝脏更亮。CT目前是评估脾脏的首选方法；然而，随着更新的脉冲序列和器官特异性造影剂的开发，MR成像可能会越来越多地被使用。
