Vecchione A
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
In Vivo. 1993 Nov-Dec;7(6B):623-6.
Many factors have been identified for the prediction of prognosis in human breast cancer. In this overview the old and recent available prognostic factors are discussed. The prognostic markers widely used are clinical factors (tumor size, age of the patient, etc.), serum markers (CEA, CA 15-3, MSA, CA 125, TK, MCA), pathological factors (histologic differentiation grade, lymph node status) and steroid receptors. More recently molecular biological studies suggest that amplification and overexpression of some oncogenes may play a role in breast cancer prognosis, such as allele deletions of onco-suppressor genes (p53). DNA ploidy status and proliferation markers (S-phase fraction, Ki67 and TLI) may also be useful as prognostic markers.
已确定许多因素可用于预测人类乳腺癌的预后。在本综述中，将讨论过去和最近可用的预后因素。广泛使用的预后标志物有临床因素（肿瘤大小、患者年龄等）、血清标志物（癌胚抗原、糖类抗原15-3、黏液丝氨酸蛋白酶、糖类抗原125、组织激肽释放酶、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子）、病理因素（组织学分化程度、淋巴结状态）和类固醇受体。最近的分子生物学研究表明，某些癌基因的扩增和过表达可能在乳腺癌预后中起作用，如抑癌基因（p53）的等位基因缺失。DNA倍体状态和增殖标志物（S期分数、Ki67和胸腺嘧啶核苷标记指数）也可能作为预后标志物。
