Farstad T, Bratlid D
Department of Pediatrics, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Norway.
Acta Paediatr. 1994 Jan;83(1):19-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb12946.x.
A prospective study on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants is reported. A cohort of premature infants with gestational ages < or = 32 weeks, treated during 1989, was followed for one year. Of a total study population of 117 infants, 23 (19.6%) developed BPD, defined as oxygen dependence at 28 postnatal days. However, only 15 infants (12.8%) needed supplementary oxygen at the age of 36 gestational weeks and 5 infants (4.2%) needed supplementary oxygen periodically at one year of age. BPD was found to account for a significant part of both the total and late mortality in the cohort. Measurements of pulmonary mechanics were performed at 3 +/- 1 and 12(13) +/- 1 days of life in a subgroup of 26 infants with RDS who required assisted ventilation for 4 days or longer. No significant difference in lung compliance or resistance could be found during the first examination between infants who later developed BPD and infants with RDS only. At the second examination, infants who later developed BPD had significantly lower lung compliance (0.48 +/- 0.23 ml/cmH2O) than infants in the RDS group (1.50 +/- 0.72 ml/cmH2O) (p < 0.001). Measurements of pulmonary mechanics could be of importance for early prediction of infants at risk of BPD.
本文报道了一项关于早产儿支气管肺发育不良（BPD）发病率的前瞻性研究。对1989年治疗的孕周小于或等于32周的早产儿队列进行了为期一年的随访。在总共117名研究对象中，23名（19.6%）发生了BPD，定义为出生后28天仍需吸氧。然而，只有15名婴儿（12.8%）在孕36周时需要补充氧气，5名婴儿（4.2%）在1岁时需要定期补充氧气。结果发现，BPD在该队列的总死亡率和晚期死亡率中均占很大比例。对26名患有呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）且需要辅助通气4天或更长时间的婴儿亚组，在出生后3±1天和12（13）±1天进行了肺力学测量。在首次检查时，后来发生BPD的婴儿与仅患有RDS的婴儿之间，在肺顺应性或阻力方面未发现显著差异。在第二次检查时，后来发生BPD的婴儿的肺顺应性（0.48±0.23 ml/cmH2O）显著低于RDS组婴儿（1.50±0.72 ml/cmH2O）（p<0.001）。肺力学测量对于早期预测有BPD风险的婴儿可能具有重要意义。
