Steinberg L, Fletcher A, Darling N
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
Pediatrics. 1994 Jun;93(6 Pt 2):1060-4.
To examine the joint influences of parental monitoring and peer influence on adolescent substance use over time.
6500 adolescents attending six high schools in Wisconsin and northern California.
Longitudinal study.
Parental monitoring was negatively associated with substance use, whereas the more involved an adolescent's peers were in substance use, the more likely he or she also was to use drugs and alcohol. Effects of monitoring and peer coercion were strongest for boys and girls at the transition into substance use, rather than at the transition from experimentation to regular use. The effect of parental monitoring on changes in adolescent substance use is mediated not so much by the nature of the adolescent's peer associates, but by its direct effect on the adolescent. Specifically, poorly monitored adolescents are more likely to use drugs, and drug-using adolescents seek out like-minded friends. Once an adolescent associates with drug-using peers, his or her own substance use approaches their level.
Intervention effects should include both parents and community-level efforts. Parental monitoring is an effective tool both in the prevention of drug use and in the amelioration of drug use.
探讨父母监督和同伴影响对青少年物质使用随时间变化的联合影响。
威斯康星州和北加利福尼亚州六所高中的6500名青少年。
纵向研究。
父母监督与物质使用呈负相关，而青少年的同伴参与物质使用的程度越高，他或她使用毒品和酒精的可能性就越大。监督和同伴强制的影响在青少年开始使用物质时对男孩和女孩最为强烈，而不是在从尝试使用到经常使用的转变阶段。父母监督对青少年物质使用变化的影响与其说是由青少年同伴关系的性质介导的，不如说是由其对青少年的直接影响介导的。具体而言，监督不力的青少年更有可能使用毒品，而使用毒品的青少年会寻找志同道合的朋友。一旦青少年与使用毒品的同伴交往，其自身的物质使用就会接近他们的水平。
干预效果应包括家长和社区层面的努力。父母监督在预防药物使用和改善药物使用方面都是一种有效的工具。
