Chiou G C
Institute of Ocular Pharmacology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station.
J Ocul Pharmacol. 1994 Spring;10(1):93-9. doi: 10.1089/jop.1994.10.93.
Because of rapid developments in biotechnology, numerous peptides are now available for clinical treatment of various diseases. In order to avoid parenteral injections, alternative routes of drug administration have been investigated. Among them, the ocular route seemed to be the most feasible one because a) it could deliver precise doses of drugs just like injections; b) it was much easier and less expensive to administer eyedrops than an injection; c) the rate of systemic absorption through the ocular route was as fast as an injection; d) eye tissues were much less sensitive to the development of immunological reactions than other tissues; e) the drug absorbed via the ocular route would avoid the first passage through hepatic circulation to reach the sites of action before liver metabolism; and f) no tolerance and ocular side effects could be detected after long-term (three months) daily administration of insulin eyedrops.
由于生物技术的迅速发展，现在有许多肽可用于各种疾病的临床治疗。为了避免肠胃外注射，人们研究了药物给药的替代途径。其中，眼部给药途径似乎是最可行的，因为：a）它可以像注射一样精确给药；b）滴眼药水比注射更容易且成本更低；c）通过眼部途径的全身吸收速率与注射一样快；d）眼组织对免疫反应的发生比其他组织敏感得多；e）通过眼部途径吸收的药物将避免首先通过肝循环，在肝脏代谢之前到达作用部位；f）长期（三个月）每日使用胰岛素眼药水后未检测到耐受性和眼部副作用。
