Bowers J S
Psychology Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1994 May;20(3):534-49. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.20.3.534.
In 4 experiments, implicit and explicit memory for words and nonwords were compared. In Experiments 1-2 memory for words and legal nonwords (e.g., kers) was assessed with an identification (implicit) and a recognition (explicit) memory task: Robust priming was obtained for both words and nonwords, and the priming effects dissociated from explicit memory following a levels-of-processing manipulation (Experiment 1) and following a study-test modality shift (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, priming for legal and illegal nonwords (e.g., xyks) was observed on an identification task, and the effects dissociated from explicit memory following a levels-of-processing manipulation. Finally, in Experiment 4, significant inhibitory priming for legal nonwords was observed when a lexical-decision task was used. Results suggest that implicit memory can extend to legal and illegal nonwords. Implications for theories of implicit memory are discussed.
在4个实验中，对单词和非单词的内隐记忆和外显记忆进行了比较。在实验1 - 2中，通过识别（内隐）和再认（外显）记忆任务评估对单词和合法非单词（如kers）的记忆：单词和非单词均获得了强烈的启动效应，并且在加工水平操纵（实验1）和学习 - 测试模态转换（实验2）后，启动效应与外显记忆分离。在实验3中，在识别任务中观察到对合法和非法非单词（如xyks）的启动效应，并且在加工水平操纵后，效应与外显记忆分离。最后，在实验4中，当使用词汇判断任务时，观察到对合法非单词有显著的抑制性启动效应。结果表明，内隐记忆可以扩展到合法和非法非单词。讨论了对内隐记忆理论的影响。
