Attention mechanisms mediate the syntactic priming effect in auditory word identification.

The syntactic priming effect and the involvement of attention in that process were investigated by testing identification of white noise-masked Hebrew words. Targets were either syntactically congruent or syntactically incongruent with the structure of the sentence. Relative to a neutral condition, similar facilitation and inhibition was found for congruent and incongruent targets, respectively. When syntactic congruency was blocked, the inhibition was attenuated, whereas the facilitation remained the same. A 350-ms silent interstimulus interval between context and target increased inhibition without affecting facilitation. We suggest that both the facilitation and the inhibition effects of syntactic priming are based on a veiled controlled process of generating expectations. The inhibition results from a controlled process of reevaluation that requires additional attention resources.