Taylor J C, Sisson L A, McKelvey J L, Trefelner M F
Devereux Foundation, Devon, PA 19333.
Behav Modif. 1993 Oct;17(4):474-97. doi: 10.1177/01454455930174004.
Previous research on attention-seeking problem behavior has focused on individuals who misbehaved under general conditions of low adult attention. In general, no detailed analyses were conducted to determine whether different situations involving low levels of adult attention (such as familiar vs. unfamiliar adults, setting events, or the presence or absence of peers) exacerbated or attenuated problem behavior. The current case study demonstrates that, for one adolescent, all situations involving low levels of adult attention were not equally discriminative for problem behavior. Two functional analyses concerning different situations involving low levels of adult attention were conducted. The first analysis consisted of systematically manipulating antecedent and consequence conditions related to adult attention and task demands. This analysis indicated that low levels of adult attention evoked problem behavior. The second analysis involved two different conditions presenting low levels of adult attention. In one, the adult spoke to another child; in the second, the adult spoke to another adult. This second analysis revealed that, when the adult spoke to another adult, problem behavior resulted. However, when the adult spoke to another child, problem behavior did not occur. On the basis of these functional analyses, a positive intervention was designed to reduce problem behavior. Theoretical implications related to functional analysis are discussed, and applied issues concerning functionally based treatment selection are explored.
以往对寻求关注问题行为的研究主要集中在那些在成人关注度普遍较低的一般情况下行为不当的个体。总体而言，并未进行详细分析以确定不同的成人关注度较低的情况（如熟悉与不熟悉的成人、背景事件，或同伴的在场与否）是否会加剧或减轻问题行为。当前的案例研究表明，对于一名青少年来说，所有成人关注度较低的情况对问题行为的判别作用并非等同。针对不同的成人关注度较低的情况进行了两项功能分析。第一项分析包括系统地操纵与成人关注和任务要求相关的前提条件和后果条件。该分析表明，成人关注度较低会引发问题行为。第二项分析涉及呈现成人关注度较低的两种不同情况。在一种情况中，成人与另一个孩子交谈；在第二种情况中，成人与另一个成人交谈。第二项分析显示，当成人与另一个成人交谈时，会出现问题行为。然而，当成人与另一个孩子交谈时，问题行为并未发生。基于这些功能分析，设计了一种积极干预措施来减少问题行为。讨论了与功能分析相关的理论意义，并探讨了基于功能的治疗选择的应用问题。
