Sheehy E, Moore K, Tsamtsouris A
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.
J Clin Pediatr Dent. 1993 Summer;17(4):261-4.
In this article, the term non-speaking will be used to refer to those individuals who have limited or no functional speech because of severe physical impairment, neuromuscular or cognitive deficit and whose communication impairment is not due primarily to a hearing problem. Augmentative communication has developed in order to compensate for impairments and disabilities of the non-speaking individual. It is all communication that supplements speech. Pediatric dental patients who may benefit from augmentative communication systems include those with cerebral palsy, multihandicaps, severe mental retardation and autism. The communication board is given as an example of an augmentative communication system. It is a visual display which can use symbols, pictures, letters and words. It allows the non-speaking child to communicate either by listener-assisted scanning or pointing directly to the symbol or word with their hand or eye-gaze, or with an aid such as a pointer or light. A communication board for use in the pediatric dental setting is described. The pediatric dentist should consult with the speech-language pathologist, family/caretaker, special educator/teacher, and health care members when deciding on communication systems for the non-speaking child in the dental setting. Augmentative communication systems need to be individualized for each non-speaking child. The systems need constant evaluation and updating also as the child develops. The ultimate aim of augmentative communication is to help the non-speaking child to have a more active and fulfilling role in everyday life.
在本文中，“非言语者”一词将用于指代那些由于严重身体损伤、神经肌肉或认知缺陷而功能言语有限或无功能言语，且其沟通障碍并非主要源于听力问题的个体。为了弥补非言语者的损伤和残疾，辅助沟通应运而生。它是所有补充言语的沟通方式。可能受益于辅助沟通系统的儿科牙科患者包括患有脑瘫、多重残疾、严重智力迟钝和自闭症的儿童。以沟通板为例介绍辅助沟通系统。它是一种视觉展示工具，可以使用符号、图片、字母和文字。它使非言语儿童能够通过倾听者辅助扫描，或者用手或目光直接指向符号或文字，或者借助诸如指示棒或灯光等辅助工具进行沟通。本文描述了一种适用于儿科牙科环境的沟通板。在为牙科环境中的非言语儿童确定沟通系统时，儿科牙医应咨询言语治疗师、家庭/护理人员、特殊教育工作者/教师以及医疗保健人员。辅助沟通系统需要针对每个非言语儿童进行个性化定制。随着儿童的成长，这些系统也需要不断评估和更新。辅助沟通的最终目的是帮助非言语儿童在日常生活中发挥更积极、更充实的作用。
