Molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone action.

This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms of thyroid hormone action. Topics included are the structures of thyroid hormone response elements (TREs), thyroid hormone receptor (TR)-TRE interactions, and TR association with other proteins to illustrate their importance in modulating both positive and negative transcriptional activation of specific genes. Certain studies focusing on other members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily are covered to provide a current view of how this class of receptors stabilizes transcription initiation complexes.