Sniffen C J, Beverly R W, Mooney C S, Roe M B, Skidmore A L, Black J R
Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
J Dairy Sci. 1993 Oct;76(10):3160-78. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77655-9.
Dairy producers must overcome substantial challenges to achieve milk outputs > 14,000 kg of milk/yr per cow within the next decade. To obtain high productivity, a more complete comprehension of the dynamics of metabolism, nutrient utilization, and nutrient absorption will enable better prediction of the efficiency of utilization of these nutrients. A better understanding of the dynamics of rumen function and a more accurate prediction of nutrient flow from the rumen are necessary. Grouping strategy and group feeding behavior influence cow productivity and farm profitability. Understanding of the variance of individual cow responses to management practice is critical. Feeding system design and management and diet formulation techniques need to be developed that recognize the dynamic nature of cow physiology and the variability in feedstuffs and cow requirements. These concepts need to be integrated into total farm management and require the use of new computer modeling technologies.
奶农必须克服巨大挑战，才能在未来十年内实现每头奶牛每年产奶量超过14,000千克。为了获得高生产率，更全面地理解新陈代谢、养分利用和养分吸收的动态过程，将有助于更好地预测这些养分的利用效率。更好地了解瘤胃功能的动态变化以及更准确地预测瘤胃养分流动是必要的。分组策略和群体采食行为会影响奶牛的生产率和农场的盈利能力。了解个体奶牛对管理措施反应的差异至关重要。需要开发出能够认识到奶牛生理动态特性以及饲料和奶牛需求变异性的饲养系统设计、管理和日粮配方技术。这些理念需要融入到整个农场管理中，并且需要使用新的计算机建模技术。
