Taylor J A
Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1993 Sep;16(7):460-74.
The literature pertaining to full-spine radiography was reviewed to clarify its current role in clinical practice, to identify appropriate parameters for patient selection criteria, to evaluate the validity of spinographic analysis procedures, and to review the latest technological advancements in radiation protection and radiographic technology.
The English language literature search included chiropractic textbooks, technique manuals and position papers as well as references from MEDLINE, Chiropractic Research Archives Collection (CRAC) and Chiropractic Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (CHIROLARS). References from non-indexed sources were reviewed from sources obtained in the indexed literature. Current texts on radiographic technology, radiation biology and radiation physics also were reviewed.
The literature was reviewed by a single reviewer. All chiropractic references obtained were referenced. Nonchiropractic references that addressed relevant related topics were also included.
This study was primarily a qualitative review of the literature. A single observer extracted quantitative data only from controlled studies that examined validity, inter- and intraobserver reliability, and clinical relevance.
The conclusions and recommendations in this review are based primarily on the work of experts in the field and well-established principles of radiation biology, radiation protection and radiation physics.
Full-spine radiography and spinographic analysis are controversial procedures in chiropractic. An extensive review of the literature reveals that the role of full-spine radiography is well established. With proper patient selection, careful attention to technical detail and utilization of several technological advancements, full-spine radiography is an effective diagnostic and analytic procedure with an acceptable risk/benefit ratio. Although the reliability of certain spinographic parameters has been established, many questions remain regarding the validity and clinical relevance of those parameters.
回顾与全脊柱放射摄影相关的文献，以阐明其在临床实践中的当前作用，确定患者选择标准的合适参数，评估脊柱摄影分析程序的有效性，并回顾辐射防护和放射技术的最新技术进展。
英文文献检索包括整脊学教科书、技术手册和立场文件，以及来自医学文献数据库（MEDLINE）、整脊学研究档案库（CRAC）和整脊学文献分析与检索系统（CHIROLARS）的参考文献。对非索引来源的参考文献，从索引文献中获取的来源进行了回顾。还回顾了当前关于放射技术、辐射生物学和辐射物理学的文献。
由一位审稿人对文献进行回顾。所有获取的整脊学参考文献都被引用。涉及相关主题的非整脊学参考文献也被纳入。
本研究主要是对文献的定性回顾。一名观察者仅从检验有效性、观察者间和观察者内可靠性以及临床相关性的对照研究中提取定量数据。
本综述中的结论和建议主要基于该领域专家的工作以及辐射生物学、辐射防护和辐射物理学的既定原则。
全脊柱放射摄影和脊柱摄影分析在整脊学中是有争议的程序。对文献的广泛回顾表明，全脊柱放射摄影的作用已得到充分确立。通过适当的患者选择、对技术细节的仔细关注以及利用多项技术进展，全脊柱放射摄影是一种有效的诊断和分析程序，具有可接受的风险/效益比。虽然某些脊柱摄影参数的可靠性已经确立，但关于这些参数的有效性和临床相关性仍有许多问题。
