Roman P M, Blum T C
Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
Recent Dev Alcohol. 1993;11:473-91. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1742-3_25.
The employee assistance program (EAP) is the principal vehicle for intervention in the workplace directed at employees with alcohol problems. As broad-gauged programs, EAPs represent "mainstreaming" of alcohol-problem concerns into health care management. However, alcohol problems are defined broadly within EAPs, going beyond other definitions of alcohol dependence. The historical context is important for understanding EAPs and their dynamics. External environmental changes have impacted EAPs considerably over the past decade. Particularly important have been the increased prominence of employee drug abuse, managed care, and increasing prevalence of dual diagnoses. Results of research about EAPs conducted over the past decade are reviewed. The persistent issue of EAP efficacy is considered, highlighting the variable structure of EAPs and the multiplicity of motives for their voluntary adoption. Prospects for continuing research are considered in light of problems in research funding, the ambiguous identity of EAPs, and the practical orientations of those who might facilitate such research.
员工援助计划（EAP）是针对有酒精问题的员工在工作场所进行干预的主要手段。作为全面的计划，EAP代表了将酒精问题纳入医疗保健管理的“主流化”。然而，EAP对酒精问题的定义较为宽泛，超出了其他酒精依赖的定义。历史背景对于理解EAP及其动态变化很重要。在过去十年中，外部环境变化对EAP产生了相当大的影响。员工药物滥用现象日益突出、管理式医疗以及双重诊断患病率上升尤其重要。本文回顾了过去十年中关于EAP的研究结果。考虑了EAP有效性这一持续存在的问题，强调了EAP结构的多样性以及自愿采用EAP的动机的多重性。鉴于研究资金方面的问题、EAP身份的模糊性以及可能推动此类研究的人员的实际取向，探讨了持续研究的前景。
