Malassigné P, Nelson A, Amerson T, Salzstein R, Binard J
SCI Nurs. 1993 Aug;10(3):84-90.
Bowel care is a critical aspect of daily living for person with disabilities; ineffective bowel care can lead to severe and costly complications. Staff, patients, and caregivers have often found existing bowel care chairs to be inadequate. These chairs are frequently unsafe, inconvenient, and ineffective for showering and bowel elimination. Because bowel care procedures can be lengthy, proper seating posture and comfort is necessary to prevent pressure ulcers. Patient falls is another common problem, occurring during transfer, transport, or during actual bowel care/shower procedures. There are over 200,000 persons with spinal cord injuries (SCI) in the United States today. The majority of these patients have neurogenic bowels, requiring bowel care an average of three times a week. Each bowel care procedure takes 30 minutes to 3 hours to complete. Advances in bowel care chair design would significantly impact on quality of life, self-esteem, and physical well-being of persons with SCI. Enhanced design would also improve the safety, effectiveness, and efficiency of nurses and caregivers who perform bowel care procedures. An interdisciplinary research team, comprised of an industrial designer, a nurse, two physicians, and a human factors psychologist collaborated to address this important problem. Three bowel care chairs, commonly used in SCI, were evaluated using a combination of videotaping, still photography, and questionnaires. Based on this data, performance criteria for the design of an optimal bowel care chair design were developed.
肠道护理是残疾人日常生活的一个关键方面；无效的肠道护理可能导致严重且代价高昂的并发症。工作人员、患者和护理人员常常发现现有的肠道护理椅存在不足。这些椅子在淋浴和肠道排泄方面往往不安全、不方便且效果不佳。由于肠道护理程序可能会持续很长时间，因此需要正确的坐姿和舒适度来预防压疮。患者跌倒也是一个常见问题，发生在转移、运输或实际肠道护理/淋浴过程中。如今在美国，有超过20万人患有脊髓损伤（SCI）。这些患者中的大多数患有神经源性肠道，平均每周需要进行三次肠道护理。每次肠道护理程序需要30分钟到3小时才能完成。肠道护理椅设计的进步将对脊髓损伤患者的生活质量、自尊和身体健康产生重大影响。改进的设计还将提高进行肠道护理程序的护士和护理人员的安全性、有效性和效率。一个由工业设计师、一名护士、两名医生和一名人体因素心理学家组成的跨学科研究团队合作解决了这个重要问题。使用录像、静态摄影和问卷调查相结合的方式对脊髓损伤中常用的三种肠道护理椅进行了评估。基于这些数据，制定了最佳肠道护理椅设计的性能标准。
