Salih M A, el Bushra H M, Satti S A, Kamil I A
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Trop Geogr Med. 1993;45(4):171-4.
The study was designed to investigate attitudes and practices of breast-feeding in a representative sample of 1039 Sudanese mothers and document corresponding influencing factors in urban and rural communities in six states. Urban mothers were represented by three (high, middle and poor) socioeconomic classes. Almost all mothers (99.9%) initiated breast-feeding, mostly (83.2%) on the first day between 1-5 hours following delivery. Delay of 6 or more hours was practiced mainly by rural mothers (p < 0.001). The breast-feeding rate was 92.0% at 7 months and 65.0% at one year. Four per cent still breast-fed at 2 years. Urbanization affected frequency of breast-feeding adversely; whereas the presence of sore or retracted nipple had a negative effect on its duration (p < 0.02 and < 0.01, respectively). The majority (89.2%) thought that a new pregnancy contraindicated the continuation of breast-feeding and 67.1% reduced or stopped it if the baby had diarrhoea. On the whole, despite the rapid demographic shifts which the Sudan had witnessed recently, positive attitudes to breast-feeding and its duration were still holding. However, there was a tendency towards shorter duration of breast-feeding in urban affluent mothers in comparison to others.
该研究旨在调查1039名苏丹母亲的代表性样本中母乳喂养的态度和做法，并记录六个州城乡社区相应的影响因素。城市母亲由三个社会经济阶层（高、中、低）代表。几乎所有母亲（99.9%）都开始母乳喂养，大多数（83.2%）在分娩后1至5小时内的第一天开始。延迟6小时或更长时间主要发生在农村母亲中（p<0.001）。7个月时母乳喂养率为92.0%，1岁时为65.0%。2岁时仍有4%的人母乳喂养。城市化对母乳喂养频率产生不利影响；而乳头疼痛或内陷对母乳喂养持续时间有负面影响（分别为p<0.02和<0.01）。大多数（89.2%）人认为再次怀孕不适合继续母乳喂养，67.1%的人在婴儿腹泻时会减少或停止母乳喂养。总体而言，尽管苏丹最近经历了快速的人口结构变化，但对母乳喂养及其持续时间的积极态度仍然存在。然而，与其他母亲相比，城市富裕母亲的母乳喂养持续时间有缩短的趋势。
