Khalili M, Lindgren E, Varvikko T
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Kungsängen Research Station, Uppsala, Sweden.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 1993 Aug;25(3):162-72. doi: 10.1007/BF02236235.
The macro mineral status of cattle in the Selale highlands of Ethiopia was evaluated during the rainy and dry seasons of 1989 and 1990 in terms of mineral concentrations in soils, feeds, blood plasma and faeces on 25 farms. Bone samples from animals of local breeds from a slaughter house were collected during the rainy and dry seasons of 1990. Soils were analysed for pH, organic matter, Ca, P, Mg, Na and K. The results indicated wide variation in the concentrations of minerals on different farms. Available feeds in the area consist of pasture, hay, the straw of barley, oats and teff, and the grains of barley and oats. Pasture grass and other feeds were found to be deficient in Na, P and Mg in relation to dietary requirements. Analyses of blood plasma from crossbred and local cattle showed that a number of samples contained P below the critical level of 1.45 mmol/litre. Effects of year and season were significant for Ca, P, Mg and K. The effect of age was significant for P (P < 0.001). Faecal analyses revealed that about 80% of animals were deficient in Na. Wide variations in the mineral content of soils and lack of significant correlations among soil, pasture and blood plasma indicated that soil and pasture analyses are not reliable in assessing macro mineral status of grazing cattle in this environment. Analyses of bone and blood for Ca and P, blood for Mg and faeces for Na appear to provide better indices.
1989年和1990年的雨季和旱季期间，对埃塞俄比亚塞拉莱高地25个农场牛的常量矿物质状况进行了评估，评估依据是土壤、饲料、血浆和粪便中的矿物质浓度。1990年雨季和旱季期间，从一家屠宰场采集了当地品种动物的骨样本。对土壤进行了pH值、有机质、钙、磷、镁、钠和钾的分析。结果表明，不同农场的矿物质浓度差异很大。该地区现有的饲料包括牧草、干草、大麦、燕麦和画眉草的秸秆，以及大麦和燕麦的籽粒。发现牧草和其他饲料的钠、磷和镁含量低于日粮需求。对杂交牛和本地牛血浆的分析表明，许多样本中的磷含量低于1.45毫摩尔/升的临界水平。年份和季节对钙、磷、镁和钾有显著影响。年龄对磷有显著影响（P < 0.001）。粪便分析显示，约80%的动物缺钠。土壤矿物质含量差异很大，且土壤、牧草和血浆之间缺乏显著相关性，这表明在这种环境下，土壤和牧草分析对于评估放牧牛的常量矿物质状况并不可靠。对骨和血中的钙和磷、血中的镁以及粪便中的钠进行分析似乎能提供更好的指标。
