Singh S S, Ward W R, Lautenbach K, Murray R D
Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral.
Vet Rec. 1993 Aug 28;133(9):204-8. doi: 10.1136/vr.133.9.204.
The behaviour of normal cows in cubicles was compared with that of normal cows in a straw yard and that of lame cows in cubicles. The normal cows in a straw yard lay down for longer in total (9.6 hours vs 6.8 hours) and during the night (8.55 hours vs 4.75 hours) and for significantly longer at a time (3.95 hours vs 2.45 hours) than normal cows in cubicles. The normal cows in a straw yard spent more time lying down and ruminating (5.1 hours) than normal cows in cubicles (3.3 hours). Lame cows in cubicles lay down for significantly longer during the day (3.3 hours) than normal cows in cubicles (2.1 hours). Although lameness did not affect the total time the cows spent in feeding and rumination, lame cows moved about less, and they adopted abnormal postures suggesting discomfort.
将牛舍中正常奶牛的行为与干草场上正常奶牛的行为以及牛舍中跛足奶牛的行为进行了比较。干草场上的正常奶牛总的躺卧时间更长（9.6小时对6.8小时），夜间躺卧时间更长（8.55小时对4.75小时），且每次躺卧时间明显更长（3.95小时对2.45小时），比牛舍中的正常奶牛长。干草场上的正常奶牛用于躺卧和反刍的时间（5.1小时）比牛舍中的正常奶牛（3.3小时）更多。牛舍中的跛足奶牛白天躺卧时间（3.3小时）比牛舍中的正常奶牛（2.1小时）明显更长。虽然跛足并未影响奶牛用于采食和反刍的总时间，但跛足奶牛活动较少，且呈现出表明不适的异常姿势。
