Growth hormone treatment of growth failure among children with renal transplants.

Eight children with growth failure following renal transplant have been selected for recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment at Children's Hospital using the following criteria: (1) a functioning allograft for at least one year; (2) height < third percentile; (3) growth velocity < 4 cm/year; (4) growth potential; and (5) low-dose alternate-day glucocorticoid dosing. The children were 7.4 to 17.7 years of age; had received transplants 2.6 to 12.3 years before rhGH treatment; and all had decreased allograft function. The growth velocity of these children increased from 1.7 +/- 0.7 to 7.1 +/- 2.1 cm/year during the first year of rhGH treatment (0.05 mg/kg s.c. daily). The mean height SD score improved -3.9 +/- 1.5 to -3.4 +/- 1.3 in the seven children who completed one year of treatment (P < 0.001). There was no change in glucose tolerance during rhGH treatment. The serum creatinine concentration increased in all patients with a concomitant decrease in creatinine clearance. The mean rate of change in the inverse creatinine (1/Cr) increased from -0.005 +/- 0.004 dl/mg/month in the two years prior to rhGH treatment to -0.023 +/- 0.015 dl/mg/month during rhGH treatment (P < 0.01). The relative risks and benefits of rhGH treatment must be carefully considered for each patient.