Ward J N, Patel N P, Lavengood R W
Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1976 Nov;143(5):770-4.
The unusual presenting symptoms, clinical management and roentgenologic diagnosis of an instance of ectopic urethral ureter in four adult female patients are delineated in terms of the embryologic preface, the dysplastic upper renal segment and the lower urinary tract findings associated with urinary tract infections. Surgical management consists of heminephrectomy and partial ureterectomy. Total ureterectomy is necessary if reflux exists in the ectopic ureter, with a vesicovaginal or ureterovaginal fistula being a possible complication in the latter operation. Ureteroneocystostomy may be used in the treatment of an ectopic ureter if the corresponding renal segment is functioning adequately.
本文根据胚胎学基础、发育异常的上肾段以及与尿路感染相关的下尿路表现，阐述了4例成年女性患者异位尿道输尿管的异常临床表现、临床处理及放射学诊断。手术治疗包括半肾切除术和部分输尿管切除术。如果异位输尿管存在反流，则需要进行全输尿管切除术，后者手术可能会出现膀胱阴道瘘或输尿管阴道瘘等并发症。如果相应的肾段功能良好，输尿管膀胱再植术可用于治疗异位输尿管。
