Valancogne G, Galaup J P
Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet. 1993 Oct;88(10):498-508.
Pregnancy and labour are notable etiopathogenic factors concerning urinary incontinence and pelvic positional problems. 30 to 40% of women suffer from incontinence during pregnancy and 20% in the post-partum period. While this incontinence regresses spontaneously in 60 to 80% of cases, it nevertheless reflects the existence of pelviperineal problems. Combined with the efforts of everyday life, this trauma finally explains the high incidence of women with urinary problems and pelvic positional difficulties starting from the fourth and fifth decades of life. Perineo-sphincter exercises must be started very early, during the pre-partum phase and always before the start of sports and occupational activities. It involves all the constituents of the lumbo-pelvi-perineal region and in particular perineal tone, muscle power and strength and the quality of sphincter closure during effort. These efforts are themselves studied on the basis of the pressures which they produce. In total, perineal exercises, abdominal exercises and physical activity are not contradictory but, in fact, complementary, such that the management approach is global and adapted to the individual.
怀孕和分娩是导致尿失禁和盆腔位置问题的重要致病因素。30%至40%的女性在孕期会出现尿失禁，产后这一比例为20%。虽然60%至80%的此类尿失禁会自然缓解，但这仍反映出盆腔会阴区存在问题。再加上日常生活中的各种影响因素，这种损伤最终解释了为何从四五十岁起，女性出现泌尿系统问题和盆腔位置异常的发生率较高。会阴-括约肌锻炼必须在产前阶段尽早开始，且一定要在开始运动和职业活动之前进行。它涉及腰骶-盆腔-会阴区的所有组成部分，特别是会阴张力、肌肉力量以及用力时括约肌闭合的质量。这些活动本身是根据它们所产生的压力来研究的。总体而言，会阴锻炼、腹部锻炼和体育活动并非相互矛盾，实际上是相辅相成的，因此管理方法应全面且因人而异。
