Cross M L, Cupp M S, Cupp E W, Galloway A L, Enriquez F J
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721.
J Med Entomol. 1993 Sep;30(5):928-35. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/30.5.928.
The influence of Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt salivary gland extract on several immunological mechanisms was investigated in murine model hosts (laboratory mice). These mechanisms included the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II cell surface molecules, the in vitro mitogen responsiveness of lymphoid cells, and the antibody responses to heterologous foreign antigens (sheep erythrocytes). Experiments were designed to determine the influence of salivary gland extract following in vivo inoculation or in vitro inclusion in cell culture. In vivo inoculation of salivary gland extract reduced the percentage of Ia+ cells in spleen cell populations, although this difference was ameliorated by a 2 d in vitro culture period, regardless of whether salivary gland extract was included in culture. Salivary gland extract had no effect on Ia expression by cells derived from regional lymph nodes or the skin (epidermis). In vivo inoculation with salivary gland extract did not affect the responsiveness of splenic lymphocytes to mitogens, whereas in vitro exposure to salivary gland extract reduced both T and B cell mitogenesis. Finally, antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes were enhanced if salivary gland extract was included as a coinoculant, although this was expressed only at the systemic level regardless of the route of antigen delivery. In light of these results, immunomodulatory functions of black fly saliva are postulated; they are operative at different levels on different subcompartments of the immune system, possibly via cytokine modulation.
在鼠类模型宿主（实验室小鼠）中研究了美洲蚋（Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt）唾液腺提取物对几种免疫机制的影响。这些机制包括主要组织相容性复合体II类细胞表面分子的表达、淋巴细胞的体外有丝分裂原反应性以及对异源外来抗原（绵羊红细胞）的抗体反应。实验旨在确定体内接种或体外加入细胞培养中的唾液腺提取物的影响。体内接种唾液腺提取物降低了脾细胞群体中Ia +细胞的百分比，尽管这种差异在体外培养2天后有所改善，无论培养中是否加入唾液腺提取物。唾液腺提取物对来自局部淋巴结或皮肤（表皮）的细胞的Ia表达没有影响。体内接种唾液腺提取物不影响脾淋巴细胞对有丝分裂原的反应性，而体外暴露于唾液腺提取物会降低T细胞和B细胞的有丝分裂。最后，如果将唾液腺提取物作为共接种物加入，则对绵羊红细胞的抗体反应会增强，尽管这仅在全身水平上表现出来，而与抗原递送途径无关。根据这些结果，推测蚋唾液具有免疫调节功能；它们可能通过细胞因子调节在免疫系统的不同亚区的不同水平上起作用。
