Pathophysiology of reflux oesophagitis and peptic ulcer.

The pathophysiological mechanisms of peptic ulcer and reflux oesophagitis are described. Special attention has been paid to the gastric mucosal defence factors, e.g. epidermal growth factor, mucosal blood flow and gastric mucus. The possible effects of neutrophils activation on nitric oxide generation and gastric mucosal capillary blood flow are discussed. Most useful diagnostic tests of gastro-oesophageal reflux are presented. The role of antacids in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis and reflux without oesophagitis is underlined.