Hollister M C, Weintraub J A
Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7450.
J Dent Educ. 1993 Dec;57(12):901-12.
It is well established that many systemic adverse health conditions have manifestations in the oral cavity. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the available scientific evidence that describes the opposite effect, how adverse oral health conditions affect three aspects of daily living: 1) systemic health, 2) quality of life, and 3) economic productivity. Examples of oral health affecting systemic health include rheumatic fever patients who develop infective endocarditis from oral bacteria and organ transplant patients who develop severe complications from oral infections. Both systemic health and quality of life are compromised when edentulousness, xerostomia, soft tissue lesions, or poorly fitting dentures affect eating and food choices. Conditions such as oral clefts, missing teeth, severe malocclusion, or severe caries are associated with feelings of embarrassment, withdrawal, and anxiety. Oral and facial pain from dentures, temporomandibular joint disorders, and oral infections affect social interaction and daily behaviors. The results of oral disorders can be felt not only physically and socially but also economically in our society. Dental disease accounts for many lost work and school days. Lower wage earners and minorities are disproportionately affected. Although there are many studies that evaluate these relationships, most are case reports, cross-sectional studies, or studies restricted to small or unique population groups. Lack of standardized measurements make comparisons across studies difficult. More population-based and longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the nature of these relationships.
众所周知，许多全身性不良健康状况在口腔中都有表现。本文的目的是总结现有科学证据，描述相反的影响，即不良口腔健康状况如何影响日常生活的三个方面：1）全身健康，2）生活质量，3）经济生产力。口腔健康影响全身健康的例子包括风湿热患者因口腔细菌引发感染性心内膜炎，以及器官移植患者因口腔感染出现严重并发症。当无牙、口干、软组织病变或假牙佩戴不合适影响进食和食物选择时，全身健康和生活质量都会受到损害。诸如腭裂、牙齿缺失、严重错牙合或严重龋齿等情况与尴尬、孤僻和焦虑情绪有关。假牙、颞下颌关节紊乱和口腔感染引起的口腔和面部疼痛会影响社交互动和日常行为。在我们的社会中，口腔疾病的影响不仅体现在身体和社交方面，还体现在经济方面。牙科疾病导致许多工作日和上学日的缺勤。低收入者和少数族裔受到的影响尤为严重。尽管有许多研究评估这些关系，但大多数是病例报告、横断面研究，或仅限于小型或特定人群组的研究。缺乏标准化测量使得跨研究比较变得困难。需要更多基于人群的纵向研究，以更好地理解这些关系的本质。
