Scheid T L
Mental Health Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Int J Health Serv. 1993;23(4):763-82. doi: 10.2190/JH4X-7H0C-K35R-PAHK.
Employment and work can have a positive effect on mental health by providing opportunities for skill development, social contact, self-esteem, and income. Unemployment is a source of anxiety, stress, and depression. At the same time work can be a major source of stress by decreasing opportunities for control and autonomy. This article examines the role of work and unemployment and the relationship of work status to other indicators of community adjustment among a sample of 68 psychiatric clients in outpatient treatment. Comparisons are made between clients who are not working or seeking work, those who are unemployed and seeking work, and those who are currently working. Regression analysis is then used to examine the effect of work status on other indicators of community adjustment: psychiatric symptoms, functioning, social integration, stress, and mental hospitalizations. Working clients are more likely to be male and younger and to have had previous work experience. Working is related to higher levels of functioning in the community, while unemployment is positively related to stress. Work status was not related to social integration, indicating that work may be an alternative source of social support and should receive separate attention in assessments of community adjustment and integration.
就业和工作通过提供技能发展、社交接触、自尊和收入的机会，对心理健康产生积极影响。失业是焦虑、压力和抑郁的一个来源。与此同时，工作也可能因减少控制和自主权的机会而成为压力的主要来源。本文研究了工作和失业的作用，以及在68名接受门诊治疗的精神科患者样本中，工作状态与社区适应的其他指标之间的关系。对未工作或未找工作的患者、失业且正在找工作的患者以及目前正在工作的患者进行了比较。然后使用回归分析来检验工作状态对社区适应的其他指标的影响：精神症状、功能、社会融合、压力和住院治疗情况。有工作的患者更可能是男性且更年轻，并且有过工作经历。工作与在社区中更高的功能水平相关，而失业与压力呈正相关。工作状态与社会融合无关，这表明工作可能是社会支持的另一个来源，在社区适应和融合的评估中应受到单独关注。
