Barton E C
Employee Health Services, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Nurse Pract. 1993 Nov;18(11):54-8. doi: 10.1097/00006205-199311000-00012.
Within the past decade, anaphylaxis from latex products has been a recognized clinical crisis. Immediately after contact with latex, the patient can experience urticaria, nasorhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, hypotension, and shock. Health care workers, children with spina bifida, patients with a history of urogenital procedures, and employees of rubber manufacturing plants have the highest incidence. The most common denominators include frequent contact with latex and a history of allergies, although cases without these components have been reported. The increased incidence is linked to the increase of glove and condom use in preventing the spread of the HIV virus. Sensitization to the natural rubber protein is the allergen, although the specific protein has not been isolated. A thorough medical and surgical history and a history of previous allergies and allergic events should be collected on all patients with complaints of any latex contact symptoms. Latex-sensitive patients should wear a Medic Alert bracelet and carry an epinephrine autoinjector kit. Health care providers must be alert for the possible occurrence of latex sensitivities in their patients.
在过去十年中，乳胶产品引起的过敏反应已成为一种公认的临床危机。接触乳胶后，患者可立即出现荨麻疹、鼻鼻炎、结膜炎、哮喘、低血压和休克。医护人员、脊柱裂患儿、有泌尿生殖系统手术史的患者以及橡胶制造厂的员工发病率最高。最常见的共同因素包括频繁接触乳胶和过敏史，尽管也有报道称存在无这些因素的病例。发病率的增加与为预防艾滋病毒传播而增加使用手套和避孕套有关。对天然橡胶蛋白的致敏是过敏原，尽管尚未分离出具体的蛋白质。对于所有有任何乳胶接触症状主诉的患者，都应收集详尽的内科和外科病史以及既往过敏和过敏事件史。对乳胶敏感的患者应佩戴医疗警示手环并携带肾上腺素自动注射器套件。医护人员必须警惕患者可能出现的乳胶过敏情况。
