Seip M
Barneklinikken, Rikshospitalet, Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1993 Dec 10;113(30):3718-22.
Throughout history man, with few exceptions, has meant that breast feeding is best for the infant. In poor countries with bad hygiene this can still be a question of life or death. However, during several millennia up to the end of the 19th century, there have been many periods and cultures when the upper classes have preferred to have wet nurses for their babies. Artificial feeding is known from the Roman empire from the time around the birth of Christ. For centuries, many misconceptions have had an influence on infant feeding, often with serious consequences for the baby and the mother. Since the latter half of the 19th century infant feeding based on scientific observations has gradually emerged, and further progress is expected in the coming years. Recent research has shown that the infant's diet is more important than it was thought to be ten years ago.
纵观历史,除了少数例外,人们一直认为母乳喂养对婴儿最为有益。在卫生条件差的贫穷国家,这仍然可能是生死攸关的问题。然而,在直到19世纪末的几千年里,有许多时期和文化中,上层阶级更愿意为他们的婴儿雇佣奶妈。人工喂养在公元纪年前后的罗马帝国就已为人所知。几个世纪以来,许多误解一直影响着婴儿喂养,常常给婴儿和母亲带来严重后果。自19世纪后半叶起,基于科学观察的婴儿喂养方式逐渐出现,预计在未来几年还会有进一步的进展。最近的研究表明,婴儿的饮食比十年前人们认为的更为重要。