Webb J T, Balldin U I, Pilmanis A A
KRUG Life Sciences Inc., San Antonio, TX.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1993 Nov;64(11):1048-50.
United States Air Force oxygen regulators set to "NORMAL OXYGEN" deliver up to 60% nitrogen to the pilot at cockpit altitudes of 15,000 to 20,000 ft (4573-6096 m). Research chamber exposure to these altitudes while breathing 50% nitrogen has resulted in high grades of venous gas emboli. Expansion of existing gas emboli following an unplanned decompression to ambient aircraft altitude (e.g., loss of canopy) could result in rapid development of decompression sickness (DCS) symptoms. To reduce this potential problem, regulators in current fighters should be set to "100% OXYGEN" until descent from cruise to increase denitrogenation. The United States' Advanced Tactical Fighter and the European Fighter Aircraft may be designed to cruise above 50,000 ft (15,240 m), where cockpit altitudes exceed 20,000 ft with a 5-psi differential (psid) cockpit pressurization schedule. Increasing cockpit differential pressure to 7 psid while breathing 100% oxygen would greatly reduce the chance of significant emboli formation and the potential for DCS, but would slightly elevate the risks associated with pulmonary overpressure during rapid decompression.
设定为“正常氧气”的美国空军氧气调节器，在驾驶舱高度为15000至20000英尺（4573 - 6096米）时，会向飞行员输送高达60%的氮气。在呼吸50%氮气的情况下，研究舱暴露于这些高度会导致大量静脉气体栓塞。在意外减压至飞机周围环境高度（例如座舱盖丢失）后，现有气体栓塞的扩张可能会导致减压病（DCS）症状迅速出现。为减少这一潜在问题，当前战斗机中的调节器应设定为“100%氧气”，直至从巡航状态下降以增加脱氮。美国的先进战术战斗机和欧洲战斗机可能设计为在50000英尺（15240米）以上巡航，在此高度下，驾驶舱高度超过20000英尺，采用5磅/平方英寸压差（psid）的座舱增压方案。在呼吸100%氧气的同时将座舱压差增加到7 psid，将大大降低形成大量栓塞的可能性以及患减压病的可能性，但会略微增加快速减压期间与肺超压相关的风险。
