Ellison G, Switzer R C
Department Psychology, UCLA.
Neuroreport. 1993 Oct 25;5(1):17-20. doi: 10.1097/00001756-199310000-00004.
Patterns of neural degeneration were compared following continuous administration of four drugs of addiction, each of which induces model psychoses in chronic addicts. D-amphetamine (D-Amph), cocaine (Coc), or phencyclidine (PCP) were administered continuously over a 5-day period. Both D-Amph and Coc induced pronounced degeneration in fasciculus retroflexus, but only D-Amph further induced substantial degeneration in striatum. Continuous PCP produced entirely different degeneration largely confined to the posterior entorhinal cortex, ventral dentate gyrus, and cingulate cortex. Methamphetamine (Meth) administered in the very high dose but less prolonged drug regimen often employed in studies of dopamine toxicity induced pronounced degeneration in striatum, but widespread degeneration in many other regions as well. These results indicate that drugs of abuse with psychotomimetic properties induce distinctively different patterns of neural degeneration, a finding with implications for theories of addiction and psychosis. They predict two different anatomical loci for alterations in psychosis: fasciculus retroflexus and ventral parahippocampus and hippocampus.
在连续给予四种成瘾药物后，对神经退行性变模式进行了比较，这四种药物中的每一种都会在慢性成瘾者中诱发模型精神病。在5天的时间内持续给予右旋苯丙胺（D-Amph）、可卡因（Coc）或苯环己哌啶（PCP）。D-Amph和Coc均在缰核中诱发明显的退行性变，但只有D-Amph进一步在纹状体中诱发大量退行性变。持续给予PCP会产生完全不同的退行性变，主要局限于内嗅后皮质、腹侧齿状回和扣带回皮质。在多巴胺毒性研究中经常采用的高剂量但用药时间较短的方案给予甲基苯丙胺（Meth），会在纹状体中诱发明显的退行性变，但在许多其他区域也会出现广泛的退行性变。这些结果表明，具有拟精神病特性的滥用药物会诱发明显不同的神经退行性变模式，这一发现对成瘾和精神病理论具有重要意义。他们预测精神病改变的两个不同解剖位点：缰核以及腹侧海马旁回和海马。
