White M
Br J Nurs. 1993;2(22):1123-4, 1126-30; discussion 1130-2. doi: 10.12968/bjon.1993.2.22.1123.
Spina bifida is a congenital defect in the spinal column in which one or more vertebrae fail to form. The effect of spina bifida on continence is usually complicated by the effect of hydrocephalus on the ability to learn and master the necessary skills to overcome the problems. The childhood and adolescence of some individuals who have spina bifida has been ruined by professionals who chose to ignore the wider implications of severe congenital disability and its effects upon the child's education, personal and social development, and the quality of family life. A holistic approach to management, from birth onwards, should facilitate the interdisciplinary cooperation which is vital if these human tragedies are to be avoided.
脊柱裂是一种脊柱先天性缺陷，其中一个或多个椎骨未能形成。脊柱裂对大小便失禁的影响通常因脑积水对学习和掌握克服这些问题所需技能的能力的影响而变得复杂。一些患有脊柱裂的儿童和青少年的童年及青春期被一些专业人士毁掉了，这些专业人士选择忽视严重先天性残疾的更广泛影响及其对儿童教育、个人和社会发展以及家庭生活质量的影响。从出生起就采取整体管理方法，应促进跨学科合作，而如果要避免这些人间悲剧，这种合作至关重要。
