Yamashita S, Namba H, Nagataki S
Department of Cell Physiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine.
Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi. 1993 Nov 20;69(10):1035-43. doi: 10.1507/endocrine1927.69.10_1035.
The topic "Thyroid and Radiation" is both an old and a new area to be solved by human beings. The thyroid is an organ that is usually susceptible to exposure to ionizing radiation, both by virtue of its ability to concentrate radioiodine (internal radiation) and by routine medical examination: Chest X-ray, Dental X-ray, X-irradiation of cervical lymphnodes etc. (external radiation). Iodine-131 is widely used for the therapy of Graves' disease and thyroid cancers, of which the disadvantage is radiation-induced hypothyroidism but not complications of thyroid tumor. The thyroid gland is comparatively radioresistant, however, the data obtained from Hiroshima, Nagasaki and Marshall islands indicates a high incidence of external radiation-induced thyroid tumors as well as hypothyroidism. The different biological effects of internal and external radiation remains to be further clarified. Interestingly, recent reports demonstrate the increased number of thyroid cancer in children around Chernobyl in Belarus. In this review, we would like to introduce the effect of radiation on the thyroid gland at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. Furthermore the clinical usefulness of iodine-131, including the safety-control for radiation exposure will be discussed.
“甲状腺与辐射”这一主题，对人类而言既是一个老问题，也是一个有待解决的新领域。甲状腺是一个通常易受电离辐射影响的器官，这既是因为它具有浓缩放射性碘的能力（内照射），也是由于常规医学检查：胸部X光、牙科X光、颈部淋巴结X射线照射等（外照射）。碘-131被广泛用于治疗格雷夫斯病和甲状腺癌，其缺点是会导致放射性甲状腺功能减退，但并非甲状腺肿瘤并发症。甲状腺相对具有放射性抗性，然而，从广岛、长崎和马绍尔群岛获得的数据表明，外照射诱发的甲状腺肿瘤以及甲状腺功能减退的发生率很高。内照射和外照射的不同生物学效应仍有待进一步阐明。有趣的是，最近的报告显示白俄罗斯切尔诺贝利周围儿童的甲状腺癌数量有所增加。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍辐射在分子、细胞和组织水平上对甲状腺的影响。此外，还将讨论碘-131的临床应用，包括辐射暴露的安全控制。
