Rogers S J, Ozonoff S, Maslin-Cole C
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1993 Nov;32(6):1274-82. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00023.
The present study applied a continuous, clinically based rating system to compare predictions about attachment behavior in autism resulting from three different theoretical views and to characterize differences in attachment behavior of young autistic children.
The attachment behaviors of 32 young children with autism or pervasive developmental disorder were examined in a modified "strange situation." Attachment behaviors were rated on a continuous scale and on the Ainsworth subscales. Attachment ratings were compared with several developmental variables, including chronological age, mental age, language level, and social level.
The continuous rating scale distinguished signs of security from signs of insecurity, allowing for behavioral idiosyncracies in the expression of attachment behavior seen in autistic children. The study found that 50% of the children demonstrated some behaviors indicative of secure attachment, that no children were unattached, and that developmental level rather than severity of autism was the strongest predictor of attachment security.
Autism does not preclude the development of secure attachment relationships in young children, but rather it delays the development of secure attachment and may alter the behavioral patterns that express attachment security.
本研究应用一种基于临床的连续评分系统，比较三种不同理论观点对自闭症依恋行为的预测，并描述自闭症幼儿依恋行为的差异。
在改良的“陌生情境”中观察了32名患有自闭症或广泛性发育障碍的幼儿的依恋行为。依恋行为采用连续量表和安斯沃思分量表进行评分。将依恋评分与几个发育变量进行比较，包括实际年龄、心理年龄、语言水平和社交水平。
连续评分量表区分了安全迹象和不安全迹象，从而能够识别自闭症儿童依恋行为表达中的行为特质。研究发现，50%的儿童表现出一些表明安全依恋的行为，没有儿童表现出无依恋状态，并且发育水平而非自闭症严重程度是依恋安全性的最强预测因素。
自闭症并不妨碍幼儿建立安全的依恋关系，而是会延迟安全依恋的发展，并可能改变表达依恋安全性的行为模式。
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