Dubey J P, Carpenter J L
Zoonotic Diseases Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1993 Dec 1;203(11):1556-66.
Tissue sections from 119 cats that died or were euthanatized (1952-1990) because of toxoplasmosis-like illness were reexamined for Toxoplasma gondii by direct microscopy and immunohistochemical staining with anti-T gondii serum. Clinical and pathologic data from 100 of these cats with histologically verified toxoplasmosis were then analyzed. Of these 100 cats, 36 were considered to have generalized toxoplasmosis, 26 predominantly pulmonary lesions, 16 abdominal, 2 hepatic, 1 pancreatic, 1 cardiac, 2 cutaneous, 7 neurologic, and 9 had neonatal toxoplasmosis. In 14 cats, concurrent microbial infections or other maladies were seen. Cats were 2 weeks to 16 years old (median, 2 years; mean, 4 years). Sixty-five cats were males and 34 were females; sex was not recorded for 1 cat. Of 67 cats that had rectal temperatures recorded, 49 (73%) had fever (40.0 to 41.7 C). Dyspnea, polypnea, and signs of abdominal discomfort were frequently observed. Toxoplasmosis had been confirmed antemortem in 8 cats; 4 had a serum antibody titer to T gondii of > or = 1:1,024; and T gondii had been found in cytologic evaluation of tracheal aspirates from 2 cats and pleural fluid from 1 cat, as well as in a biopsy specimen of a mesenteric lymph node from another. Of the 15 cats with T gondii serum-antibody titers determined by the Sabin-Feldman dye test, 6 had no antibody detected in 1:4 dilution of their serum. Indirect fluorescent antibody titers were found in 10 of 10 cats' sera tested. Forty-one eyes from 27 of the cats were examined microscopically. Twenty-two of the 27 cats (81.5%) had evidence of intraocular inflammation in one or both eyes. Multifocal iridocyclochoroiditis was the most common lesion and was seen in 18 (81.8%) of the cats with ophthalmitis. The ciliary body was the most often severely affected portion of the uvea. Of the 22 cats with ocular toxoplasmosis, T gondii was found in eyes of 10. Toxoplasma gondii was found in the retina of 5 cats, the choroid of 2, the optic nerve of 1, the iris of 3, and the ciliary body of 4. Toxoplasma gondii was identified in 80% of 55 brains, 70.0% of 90 livers, 76.7% of 86 lungs, 64.4% of 45 pancreata, 62.7% of 59 hearts, 45.8% of 72 spleens, 41.5% of 65 intestines, 17.7% of 61 kidneys, and 60.0% of 30 adrenal glands.
对119只因类弓形虫病死亡或被安乐死（1952年至1990年）的猫的组织切片，通过直接显微镜检查以及用抗刚地弓形虫血清进行免疫组织化学染色，重新检测是否存在刚地弓形虫。然后对其中100只经组织学证实患有弓形虫病的猫的临床和病理数据进行分析。在这100只猫中，36只被认为患有全身性弓形虫病，26只主要有肺部病变，16只腹部病变，2只肝脏病变，1只胰腺病变，1只心脏病变，2只皮肤病变，7只神经病变，9只患有新生儿弓形虫病。14只猫同时存在微生物感染或其他疾病。猫的年龄为2周龄至16岁（中位数为2岁；平均为4岁）。65只为雄性猫，34只为雌性猫；1只猫的性别未记录。在记录了直肠温度的67只猫中，49只（73%）有发热（40.0至41.7摄氏度）。经常观察到呼吸困难、呼吸急促和腹部不适的症状。8只猫生前已确诊为弓形虫病；4只猫的抗刚地弓形虫血清抗体滴度≥1:1024；在2只猫的气管吸出物、1只猫的胸腔积液的细胞学评估中以及另一只猫的肠系膜淋巴结活检标本中发现了刚地弓形虫。在通过Sabin-Feldman染色试验测定血清抗刚地弓形虫抗体滴度的15只猫中，6只猫血清1:4稀释时未检测到抗体。在检测的10只猫的血清中发现了间接荧光抗体滴度。对27只猫的41只眼睛进行了显微镜检查。27只猫中有22只（81.5%）一只或双眼有眼内炎症的证据。多灶性虹膜睫状体脉络膜炎是最常见的病变，在18只（81.8%）患有眼炎的猫中可见。睫状体是葡萄膜最常受到严重影响的部分。在22只患有眼部弓形虫病的猫中，10只猫的眼睛中发现了刚地弓形虫。在5只猫的视网膜、2只猫的脉络膜、1只猫的视神经、3只猫的虹膜和4只猫的睫状体中发现了刚地弓形虫。在55个大脑中的80%、90个肝脏中的70.0%、86个肺中的76.7%、45个胰腺中的64.4%、59个心脏中的62.7%、72个脾脏中的45.8%、65个肠道中的41.5%、61个肾脏中的17.7%以及30个肾上腺中的60.0%中发现了刚地弓形虫。
