Kozdon O, Zajícek D
Vet Med (Praha). 1976 Nov;21(11):693-702.
In four sheep flocks of two age categories dynamics of natural infections by pulmonary and gastrointestinal nematodes was studied; sheep were kept on a farm in Western Bohemia. Dehelminthizations were performed in different intervals during the grazing period on the basis of the results of quantitative coprologic examinations. Total effectiveness of 80--100% intenseffectiveness (IE) was obtained as a result of single peroral or intraruminal dehelminthization with the following preparations: pyrantel hydrochloricum (Spofa), helmatac (SKF) and nilverm (ICI); the effectiveness concerned gastrointestinal nematodes of the genus Haemonchus, Cooperia, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Bunostomum, Chabertia, Nematodirus, Strongyloides, Oesophagostomum and Trichocephalus. The effectiveness of nilverm on lungworms of D. filaria and P. kochi reached 100%; the preparation was less effective and ineffective on M. capillaris. Dehelminthization practices during three years were more successful as to lowering of incidence of lungworm infections of D. filaria and P. kochi than in gastrointestinal nematodes. If sping dehelminthizations had been postponed till the second half of May or June, the climax of the elimination of ova from summer re-infection was put off till November, with an initial significant increase in September. The third dehelminthization, applied in August, did not result in the increased elimination of ova in autumn, while there was no usual autumnal climax following September dehelminthization. Effective dehelminthization performed at the end of November in all three years maintained low levels of infections during winter housing and significantly influenced the health conditions of ewes before lambing. Dynamics of the elimination of ova after dehelminthization was affected by nematodes with the migration phase in organs and tissues -- S. papillosus, Oesophagostomum sp. and Ostertagia sp.; the same effect was observed, during pasture, in nematodes with relatively short exogenous development of the genus Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus and Nematodirus. In spite of these dehelminthization practices, the elimination of ova and larvae corresponded to the course of temperatures and rainfall in spring and autumn climaxes every year.
在两个年龄组的四个羊群中，研究了肺线虫和胃肠线虫的自然感染动态；这些羊饲养在西波希米亚的一个农场。根据定量粪便学检查结果，在放牧期间不同时间间隔进行驱虫。单次经口或瘤胃内使用以下制剂进行驱虫，总有效率达80%-100%（高强度有效率，IE）：盐酸噻嘧啶（斯波法药厂）、海乐妙（先灵葆雅）和左咪唑（帝国化学工业公司）；该有效率涉及血矛线虫属、库珀属、奥斯特他属、毛圆线虫属、仰口线虫属、夏伯特属、细颈线虫属、类圆线虫属、食道口线虫属和毛首线虫属的胃肠线虫。左咪唑对丝状网尾线虫和柯氏原圆线虫的肺线虫有效率达100%；该制剂对毛细线虫的效果较差或无效。三年期间的驱虫措施在降低丝状网尾线虫和柯氏原圆线虫的肺线虫感染发生率方面比在胃肠线虫方面更成功。如果春季驱虫推迟到5月下旬或6月，夏季再感染虫卵清除的高峰期会推迟到11月，9月会有一个初始的显著增加。8月进行的第三次驱虫在秋季并未导致虫卵清除增加，而9月驱虫后也没有通常的秋季高峰期。在所有三年中，11月底进行的有效驱虫在冬季圈养期间维持了低感染水平，并显著影响了母羊产羔前的健康状况。驱虫后虫卵清除的动态受到在器官和组织中有移行期的线虫——乳头类圆线虫、食道口线虫属和奥斯特他线虫属的影响；在放牧期间，血矛线虫属、奥斯特他线虫属、毛圆线虫属和细颈线虫属等外源发育相对较短的线虫也观察到了同样的效果。尽管采取了这些驱虫措施，但每年虫卵和幼虫的清除情况与春秋季节高峰时的温度和降雨量变化过程一致。
