Israel D J, Wittmers L E, Hoffman R G, Pozos R S
Department of Medical and Molecular Physiology, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Duluth 55812.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1993 Dec;64(12):1108-12.
Four methods of suppressing cold-induced shivering were evaluated in 26 young male volunteers exposed to 0.0 +/- 1.0 degrees C air for 135 min. Voluntary relaxation of musculature (R), breath holding (BH), warm (50 degrees C) water ingestion (W), and performance of a mental arithmetic task (MA) were applied in a counterbalanced order following 2 h of cold exposure. Surface electromyograms of seven muscles were recorded and converted to root mean square voltage (RMS) as a measure of shivering intensity. Mean skin and rectal temperatures decreased significantly, 4.9 degrees C and 0.3 degrees C, respectively (p < or = 0.01). Mean reduction of EMG activity was 35% during R, 24% during BH, 18% during MA, and 5% during W. R was significantly more effective than BH, MA, and W, and BH and MA were significantly more effective than W in reducing shivering. These results indicate that, at small decreases in rectal temperature, shivering can be voluntarily suppressed to some extent during relaxation, breath holding, and mental arithmetic.
在26名年轻男性志愿者暴露于0.0±1.0摄氏度的空气中135分钟的情况下，评估了四种抑制冷诱导颤抖的方法。在冷暴露2小时后，以平衡的顺序应用肌肉组织的自主放松（R）、屏气（BH）、摄入温水（50摄氏度）（W）以及进行心算任务（MA）。记录了七块肌肉的表面肌电图，并将其转换为均方根电压（RMS）作为颤抖强度的度量。平均皮肤温度和直肠温度分别显著下降了4.9摄氏度和0.3摄氏度（p≤0.01）。在R期间肌电活动平均降低35%，BH期间降低24%，MA期间降低18%，W期间降低5%。在减少颤抖方面，R显著比BH、MA和W更有效，并且BH和MA比W显著更有效。这些结果表明，在直肠温度略有下降时，在放松、屏气和心算过程中，颤抖可以在一定程度上被自主抑制。
