Millar W J, Stephens T
Canadian Centre for Health Information, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
Health Rep. 1993;5(2):143-56.
Smoking, overweight and physical inactivity are three lifestyle risk factors associated with increased risks of cancer, heart disease and other chronic diseases. Using data from the 1985 and 1991 General Social Surveys, this study examines the prevalence of these risk factors by respondents' education levels, and how the prevalence of these risk factors changed from 1985 to 1991. The prevalence of smoking, overweight and physical inactivity varied widely by respondent's education levels. In 1991, persons with more education had consistently lower rates for all three risk factors than those with lower educational levels. Smoking and sedentary living declined between 1985 and 1991, but the prevalence of overweight increased. However, except for physical activity, little progress was made in narrowing the socio-economic differences for these risks. Declines in the prevalence of health risks varied by educational level and by sex within educational level. This has implications for future patterns of chronic disease morbidity and mortality. Differences in risk factor prevalence between socioeconomic groups may be partly due to differences in how each group acquires and interprets health information, and to differences between groups' exposure to environments that support healthy lifestyles.
吸烟、超重和缺乏体育锻炼是与患癌症、心脏病及其他慢性病风险增加相关的三种生活方式风险因素。本研究利用1985年和1991年综合社会调查的数据，按受访者的教育水平考察了这些风险因素的流行情况，以及这些风险因素的流行情况在1985年至1991年间是如何变化的。吸烟、超重和缺乏体育锻炼的流行情况因受访者的教育水平而有很大差异。1991年，受教育程度较高的人在这三种风险因素方面的比率始终低于受教育程度较低的人。1985年至1991年间，吸烟和久坐不动的情况有所下降，但超重的流行率上升了。然而，除了体育活动外，在缩小这些风险的社会经济差异方面进展甚微。健康风险流行率的下降因教育水平以及教育水平内的性别而异。这对慢性病发病和死亡的未来模式有影响。社会经济群体之间风险因素流行率的差异可能部分归因于各群体获取和解读健康信息方式的不同，以及各群体接触支持健康生活方式环境的差异。
