MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Feb 11;43(5):77-81.
In the United States, congestive heart failure (CHF) was the underlying cause of death for approximately 38,000 persons in 1990; of those deaths, approximately 92% were among persons aged > or = 65 years. CHF, a clinical syndrome defined as a chronic inadequate contraction of the heart muscle resulting in insufficient cardiac output, is a manifestation of one or more underlying conditions, including systemic or pulmonary hypertension or a history of other heart diseases (e.g., myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, or rheumatic fever). The long-term prognosis of CHF depends on the underlying condition and the response of that condition to treatment. Despite declines in death rates for ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, improvements in detection and treatment of hypertension, and considerable advances in the diagnosis and management of CHF, mortality from CHF has increased since 1980. This report summarizes trends in CHF mortality in the United States during 1980-1990 and presents state-specific mortality data for 1990 (the most recent year for which such data are available).
在美国，1990年约有38000人死于充血性心力衰竭（CHF）；在这些死亡病例中，约92%发生在65岁及以上人群中。CHF是一种临床综合征，定义为心肌慢性收缩功能不全导致心输出量不足，是一种或多种潜在疾病的表现，包括系统性或肺动脉高压或其他心脏病史（如心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化、心肌病、先天性心脏病或风湿热）。CHF的长期预后取决于潜在疾病及其对治疗的反应。尽管缺血性心脏病和脑血管疾病的死亡率有所下降，高血压的检测和治疗有所改善，CHF的诊断和管理也取得了显著进展，但自1980年以来，CHF的死亡率仍有所上升。本报告总结了1980 - 1990年美国CHF死亡率的趋势，并提供了1990年各州的死亡率数据（可获得此类数据的最新年份）。
