Graham F K, Putnam L E, Leavitt L A
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1975 May;104(2):175-82.
Innocuous prestimulation can inhibit or facilitate a startle reflex in lower animals, depending on its lead time and on whether it is dircrete or continues throughout the lead interval. Similar effects of lead stimulation on the unconditioned blink reflex were found in human subjects, but human subjects also showed an effect not seen in lower animals. Under conditions of temporal and stimulus uncertainty, the presentation of discrete stimuli at lead times that have no effect in rats produced blink facilitation as well as pronounced cardiac decelerations during the lead interval in man. The article suggests that this effect might be mediated by an attentional process and that it could be dissociated from effects produced by a classical arousal mechanism.
无害的预刺激可以抑制或促进低等动物的惊跳反射，这取决于其提前时间以及它是离散的还是在整个提前间隔内持续存在。在人类受试者中也发现了提前刺激对非条件眨眼反射有类似的影响，但人类受试者还表现出一种在低等动物中未观察到的效应。在时间和刺激不确定的条件下，在大鼠中无影响的提前时间呈现离散刺激，在人类中会在提前间隔期间产生眨眼促进以及明显的心率减慢。文章表明，这种效应可能是由注意力过程介导的，并且它可能与经典唤醒机制产生的效应相分离。
