The pattern visual-evoked potential in former preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity.

PURPOSE

Flash and pattern visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded in 89 former preterm infants (< or = 1500 g birth weight), in whom retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) developed that spontaneously regressed without macular detachment (stages 2-4a).

METHODS

Linear and stepwise regression analyses were performed to determine the correlations between transient pattern-reversal P1 VEP latency (n = 154 eyes) at a mean of 7.2 years (median, 6.9 years) postnatal age using a check size nominally equivalent to 20/100 (30 minutes) and the following nine parameters: three immaturity parameters (gestational age at birth, birth weight, and ROP zone at 1 month postnatal age); one postnatal insults parameter (worst ROP stage); two structural outcome parameters (macular ectopia and vessel traction); one functional outcome parameter (visual acuity); and two methodological parameters (postnatal age at VEP testing and VEP amplitude).

RESULTS

Linear regression analyses, with P1 VEP latency as a dependent variable, identified the worst ROP stage (r = +0.42; P < 0.0001), macular ectopia (r = +0.42; P < 0.0001), visual acuity (r = -0.40; P < 0.0001), and vessel traction (r = +0.35; P < 0.0001) as significant correlates. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that worst ROP stage and macular ectopia accounted for 18% and 4% of the cumulative variance, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

P1 VEP latency correlates with postnatal insults, structural outcome, and functional outcome parameters in former preterms in whom ROP developed that spontaneously regressed without macular detachment. A permanent arrest in the development of the macula and/or prolonged traction on the incompletely developed macula may alter VEPs.